Essay on Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western...

Cosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Society Grogan, Sarah (1999) Body Image: understanding body dissatisdaction in men, women and children. London and New York: Routledge 2 4 25 41 48 49-52 57 68 151 152 191 Body Image: The picture of our own body which we form in our mind, that is to say, the way in which our body appears to ourselves. (Schilder, 1950: 11) * (25) Slimness is seen as a desirable attribute for women in prosperous western cultures, and is associated with self-control, elegance, social attractiveness and youthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦women have always been encouraged to change their shape and weight to conform to current trends. Through the ages women have†¦show more content†¦* Why? The question of why women undergo unnecessary surgery to make their bodies more pleasing may help us to understand the nature of body dissatisfaction in women. * Feminist viewpointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ * Women as active and knowledgeable agents who make decisions based on limited range of available options. Women see through the conditions of oppression even as they comply with them. Women making free choices, although thses choices are limited by cultural definitions of beauty and by the availability of particular surgical techniques. The choices need to placed within a framework which sees womens bodies as commodities. * A way to re-negotiate identity through changing the appearance of the body. * Kathryn Morgan (1991) ÃÆ' more mainstream feminist view. She argues that although women may feel that they are making a free and informed choice, they are not really free to make a genuine choice because of patriarchal cultural pressures on them; that, although women may say that they are creating a new identity for themselves, they are really conforming to traditional (male dominated) ideologies of how womens bodies should look. She argues that women who believe they are somehow taking control over their bodies by opting for plastic surgery have really been coerced byShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Societies Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesCosmetic Surgery and the Mask of Aging in Western Societies Nature isnt always the best. I have the money to improve on nature and I dont see why I shouldnt (Cher, as cited in Glasgow Evening Times: 24 April 1992) We hadnt seen or heard from each other for 28 yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Then he suggested it would be nice if we could meet. I was very nervous about it. How much had I changed? I wanted a facelift, tummy tuck and liposuction, all in one week. (A woman, ageRead MoreThe Middle Age : An Overview Essay2171 Words   |  9 Pagesas ‘middle age’ is now referred to as ‘midlife’, a broad social category demarcated by chronological, social/cultural and body time (Adam, 2004). Although it is difficult to ascertain the actual age when one becomes ‘midlife’ in Western (British/North American) societies the period is assumed to begin in the late thirties and extend into the late fifties (for example, Featherstone and Hepworth, 1996 and Hockey and James, 2003). For some, midlife is a transitional turning point. It is a time whenRead MoreCosmetic Industry Analysis28098 Words   |  113 Pages-14.2% and -1.7%. 1.4 How Did It Affect Cosmetics Industry? As the US fell into a deep financial crisis in 2008, consumers who felt wealthy from the housing boom and treating themselves to indulgences such as designer handbags and luxury cosmetics had started looked for lower-priced mass brands and private label products as to close their wallets. Besides, consumers have also begun to buy less products and wait until their cosmetics bottle empty to buy another. Many middle classRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New AmericanRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesobjective of an organization’s marketing efforts is to develop satisfying relationships with customers that benefit both the customer and the organization. These efforts lead marketing to serve an important role within most organizations and within society. At the organizational level, marketing is a vital business function that is necessary in nearly all industries whether the organization operates as a forprofit or as a not-for-profit. For the for-profit organization, marketing is responsible forRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Organizational Psychology. Fellowship: Dr. Judge is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Academy of Management, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, and the American Psychological Society. Awards: In 1995 , Dr. Judge received the Ernest J. McCormick Award for Distinguished Early Career Contributions from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. In 2001, he received the Larry L. Cummings Award for mid-career contributions from the OrganizationalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbook will provide that strong foundation upon which additional coursework in HRM can be built. The objectives and content in this text have been created to be compatible with the content areas and curriculum templates developed and suggested by the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM). The minimum HR content areas as identified by SHRM include: ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Compensation, benefits, and total rewards Employee and labor relations Employment law History of HR and its role HR and globalization

Heart Disease And Health Outcomes - 2279 Words

Kyle Andrade Tatiana Perrino June 2, 2015 Health Disparites Heart Disease and Health Outcomes 1. Epidemiology In the documentary, â€Å"Unatural Causes: is Inequality, making us sick?†, we are exposed to a number of different health outcomes that are ascertained due to various socioeconomic conditions. One such outcome is heart disease, which is a grave public health concern, due to its chronic effects and the sheer numbers of people living with the disease. Every year about 610,000 Americans die from heart disease, approximately 1 in every 4 deaths. Coronary heart disease is the most prevalent type of heart disease, resulting in more than 370,000 deaths annually. It tolls the United States approximately $108.9 billion each year. This massive amount includes the cost of health care services, medications, and lost productivity. HEART DISEASE FACT SHEET It is the No. 1 killer in the United States, resulting in nearly 787,000 deaths in 2011. It is also the major cause of death for most racial/ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, Hispanics and W hites. In respect to Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders and American Indians or Alaska Natives, heart disease is second only to cancer. Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives than all forms of cancer combined. Every 34 seconds a person in the United States has a heart attack. While every 60 seconds someone in the U.S. dies from a heart disease related event. Approximately 720,000 people in the U.S.Show MoreRelatedFactors That Influence Health Status958 Words   |  4 Pagesthat influence health status are known as determinants of health. Social determinants of health reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. According to Florida Public Health, Heart disease was the second leading cause of death in 2012, accounting for41, 643 deaths. The heart disease age-adjusted death rate per 100,000 populations decreased between 1990 and 2012 from 286.5 to 155.3. Heart disease was the leadingRead MoreTh e Death Of St Lucie County796 Words   |  4 Pages(2014) in the United State heart disease is the leading cause of death and stroke is the third leading cause of death. These diseases are very evident in this health care provider community of St. Lucie County. The County of St Lucie ranks 22 out of 67 in health outcome. Health outcome represents how healthy a County is (County Health Ranking, 2013). This poor health ranking in St. Lucie County is evident in the disease category of heart disease and stroke. Heart disease was the second leading causeRead MoreAuthor Lives In Mississauga City, Canada. And Her Background1736 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation. In Canada heart disease is the second leading cause of death accounting for 20% all death. In every 7 minutes a death from heart disease or stroke in Canada (Heart research Institute, 2017). Minority populations of African or South Asian background are at greater risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes or other risk factors for heart disease at a younger age (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 2012). The author decided to provide health education in the church communityRead MoreCardiovascular Disease Prevention Program1673 Words   |  7 PagesCardiovascular Disease Prevention Program Cardiovascular is a class of disease that involve the heart or the blood vessels which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries, or both can affect the cardio system (Nordqvist, 2014).The CVD system convey oxygenated blood through the arteries for the entire body. Cardiovascular can cause other illness associated with the disease like coronary artery and heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and strokes. How do these diseases affect the body? CoronaryRead MoreRegulating Hypertension Through And Exercise Intervention1265 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. The risk for a disease is found using a genogram. Hypertension was determined to be the most prevalent disease based on the assessment of each family member and through her strengths and risks. Through the steps of the nursing process, the author will assess the disease entity obtained from the family genogram to plan a desired outcome, to then implement a thorough evidence-based intervention, and finally, to then evaluate the intervention to determine if the desired outcomes were met. The overallRead MoreSocial And Behavioral Theories Of Behavior Change889 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the World Health Organization (W.H.O), Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer disease in the world, killing about 17.5 million people and responsible for about thirty-one (31%) of global death in 2012. It is a major challenge for both the developed and the low and middle income countries (W.H.O. 2016). In the United States, heart disease is also the foremost killer disease. It killed 614,398 people in 2014 which is about twenty-three percent (23%) of the total deathRead MoreHow Is The Hrrp Reducing Chf Readmissions?1700 Words   |  7 PagesHow is the HRRP reducing CHF Readmissions? Congestive heart failure is a growing chronic condition in the United States that accounts for over one million hospitalizations and is responsible for 27% of patients with heart failure on Medicare are readmitted with 30 days of discharge (Hines, Yu Randall, 2010). The intensity of the disease process poses a financial strain on both the patient and the payers, especially Medicare, as 10 per 1000 population are 65 years or older and therefore a MedicareRead MoreHypertension Is The Leading Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease In Germany1096 Words   |  5 Pagesis the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Germany. It is estimated that 33% of the total population is affected by high blood pressure (RKI, 2015). The healthcare infrastructure and access to basic needs also contribute to the health profile in Germany. Health care insurance remains a universal system that features a multi-payer system combining statutory health insurance (SHI) that account for 85% of the population and private health insurance (PHI) accounting for 11%. ApproximatelyRead MoreWellness Programs: Disease Management Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesDefinitions Disease Management Disease management, as defined by the Care Continuum Alliance (CCA), 2011, is a multi-disciplinary, comprehensive, continuous, and coordinated method to achieving desired outcomes by utilizing preventive measures and evidence-based practice guidelines to alter the natural course of the disease; therefore, improving the overall health for a population. These outcomes include processes of reducing healthcare costs while improving the quality of life for individualsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Fire Escape 911 Words   |  4 Pages75% of the 2.7 trillion dollars we spend on healthcare in this country is spent on treating diseases that are largely preventable, such as heart disease and diabetes. Why do you think this is happening? What can be done to change this statistic? The movie fire escape emphasizes that America has the most expensive health care system in the world but is not one of the best in regards to healthcare outcomes and life expectancy. It spends more than what the whole world all together spends on pharmaceutical

Fashion Film Free Essays

Rules and Regulations As fashion film is a new addition to the fashion installment, there aren’t any specific rules and regulations that the filmmakers have to follow because fashion is all about expressing opinions, feelings etc. However there are a few ethics that they should be aware of, with any film such as violence, drug abuse, discrimination etc. The filmmakers need to be aware of these ethics because the last thing you want the film to do is offend anyone because then the company, or in this case designer, could get a bad reputation and not become successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Film or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other things that should be considered when putting together a fashion show is the location because you want the show to be memorable to the audience and a unique location will help make it more memorable. The set is another important thing to think about because if there is a theme such as ‘nature’ being carried out though the fashion then you’ll want to back that up with a nature themed set; this will also make it more memorable to the audience. Seating should be considered because you want the audience to have a perfect view of the fashion and the film hat they will be seeing though out the show so that they can fully take in what they will be seeing. Lights are an important part of a fashion show because you want the catwalk to be lit up perfectly so the audience can see the clothes perfectly especially if there is any fine detail in the clothes. Music is something to consider because this can really add on to the theme of the show and create the sense of escapism that some audiences crave for; for example if there is a nature theme in your show then it could be a good idea to add some slow classic music with some wildlife sounds. The air and make up of the models is key to a fashion show because this can complete the look of the whole fashion show and really enhance the theme of the fashion show. One fashion show that really has been thought out to every detail is the Alexander Macaque show Homeowners SIS 10 in Paris. The title of the show was ‘Plat’s Atlantis’ and was inspired by concepts of environmental destruction, stem-cell technology, ‘mutation of the fittest’ and the underwater kingdom of Atlantis. The location of this fashion show is unknown but it was performed in Paris during Fashion Week at the end of October 2010. I would hold my fashion show in Paris because it is considered the fashion capital of the world. Paris is a great place to hold a fashion show because the fashion history is so strong compared to other cities like London or Tokyo. The set of the fashion show consists of a very long, white, wide catwalk to represent a laboratory to expand the theme of Stem Cell Technology; there was also a 60 foot LED screen at the back to display the fashion film and two twenty foot robotic cameras along side of the catwalk where one of the cameras displayed the footage it was getting onto the giant screen. I really liked this set because it enhanced the theme of a laboratory really well from the Petri dish like catwalk, the fashion on the models making them appear to be the experiments in the lab and the cameras acting like the scientists observing what was going on. The lighting used for this show was simple and even, this allowed the audience in the fashion show to see each outfit perfectly. This is a great way to install lights and I would defiantly use it in a fashion show because it doesn’t take the attention of the viewers away from the fashion. The music for this fashion show sounds like it would e played in an opening scene for a blockbuster movie set underwater; it contains a lot of heavy synchs and long slow drums. I like this music and would use it in a fashion show because it adds to the theme of the show ‘Atlantis’ and gives the audience a sense of escapism. To be able to broadcast my fashion film with music, I need to follow the rules set by The I-J Copyright Service. The law set by them states 1. Using the work of others If you use samples of music by other authors in your work, ensure that you get permission to use the work before you attempt to publish or sell your work. Similarly, f you use loops or samples available via sample collections etc. Ensure that these are licensed as free to use, or obtain permission first. 2. Obtaining permission If you need to get permission to use a piece of music, normally the best place to start is with the last know publisher for the work. They will certainly know how to get permission to use the work, (as they must have permission themselves), so they will certainly know who you would need to contact. If the work is by an U. S. Artist, you could contact the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, IBM (Broadcast Music, Inc Band members agreements Where music is written as a group effort, we recommend that you draw up an agreement to clarify issues, such as which rights belong to which member, and how royalties would be distributed in the event that members of your group leave. For successful commercial bands, incorporation is also an option. As with a normal incorporated company, the band members would own shares in the band/company. In this situation, a band member would typically sell his shares to the other members if he decided to leave. This states that I need to obtain permission by the DC/Producer that produced this song. How to cite Fashion Film, Essays

Google vs Baidu in China free essay sample

Case Study Baidu vs Google The goal of this case is to broaden our knowledge of new business models and that of how local companies may struggle against foreign competition. You are asked to answer the following questions: 1 / What led to Baidus market dominance? Compare the two business models and their evolution 2 / How do you recommend Google to do in China? Compare Google position with the one of other companies in the internet-related industries. What can we learn from this comparison? / How do you recommend Baidu to do in the international market? Question 1 China witnessed the highest economic growth in the world since the adoption of its reform and openness to the outside policy. This growth has affected the Internet market in a very remarkable way, where the annual average in China’s Internet usage exceeded 39%. Many factors have led to Baidu’s dominancy in the Chinese market even over more experienced and global players as Google, Yahoo. We will write a custom essay sample on Google vs Baidu in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . . etcLinguistic advantage: the Chinese Language is the dominant language in China which is read and spoken by the whole population. This gives a better advantage to local start up like Baidu to efficiently design an engine that is more relevant to the country culture. Social Cultural Advantage: Baidu as A local player knows the taste and preferences of the Chinese Internet users’ way more than its Competition does, there for solutions Were designed to better fit the requirements of the locals For example, typing replaced by a click on a menu list.Introduction of customer oriented technologies based on the Chinese internet habits ( for example Baidu MP3 music, Post bar, Baidu Zhidao, Baidu space featuring Blog + Space) New online advertising spaces and payment techniques were perceived more cost efficient for the advertisers as they better monitor the return on investment. More over Baidu launched â€Å"Baidu Alliance† which made it one of the strongest advertising al liance in China. The well designed Advertising techniques (pay per click, pay per erformance) helps them to generate money for the company). Governmental restrictions: The Chinese government placed restriction on outsiders and is this case on Google which was shown in the case when they clearly stated that in September 2002 its site was down with an error in the page and users automatically redirect on a Chinese search engine it was impossible for users inside china to access Google’s search engine in addition to that Google site was recently inaccessible and very slow.This will make Google lose customers for his direct competitor Baidu (if the website is slow or not even accessible people will not postponed their researches until the website is fixed, what they will do is using other possible alternatives, and with time they get familiar with other search engine and never reconsider using Google again. China is a closed communist community which have a clear preference for local Companies, therefore, whatever Google do it will still not be accepted and adopted in he Chinese market as Baidu is (they will not acce pt that a capitalist company as Google to be dominant in their market over their local companies). Google acted to the Chinese market consider it as a simple part as its international market. Despite the huge cultural differences between this two countries, Google transferred products that they were successful in the US into the Chinese market. They didn’t take into consideration the Chinese internet users habits that differ for any other country of the world.Google actually ignored the fact that China is the biggest internet users market which could generate huge revenue to the market, more research and people from the Chinese origin should have been involved from the beginning so that the site will have a Chinese tailor-made â€Å"look and feel. Google had a lake of local presence, they used to be from the US , this is why at the beginning they were struggling with services, where google. com appears to be down 10% of the time. never to mention that it was always slow and some services they were never available, such as Google Image who were available only half of the time. Due to those reasons Google had to break company’s rules and to work in an un consistent way with their mission and values where they had to hide some of the information. Google was trying to have a name that is more relevant to the Chinese market and they changed the name to a Chinese name called â€Å"song of the valley†. This was a clever move to signalling the start to Google’s localisation plan.They gave local managers more authority. Once Google moved to China (a local company), they start designing products based on the Chinese needs. Baidu’s Business Model Baidu’s Tag Line * Their mission is to provide the best way for people to find information . To do this they listen carefully to their users’ need and wants. * Search-side strategy Baidu’s success was based on its focus and responsiveness to the Chinese internet users this gave a good advantage to Baidu to offer the best solutions to local people, so Baidu went on in launching their own Chinese ndependent website, this made them anticipated the urgency to improve its search technology within a short period of time which led to the creation of the light Plan, and that made Baidu surpass Google in terms of traffic in China. Their search engine gives more focus on matching-meaning that better fit the Chinese language. These continuous efforts by Baidu not only increase users’ experience but also help them sustain their leaders hip in the Chinese internet market. * Advertise-side strategy:Baidu’s advertisement model was option based such as paid for performance and paid search model other that they also made a model based on Bid for priority placement of the links in keyword search and this bid model was a tremendous success to Baidu as the competition for the keywords goes the higher the Bid goes leading to more revenue generation. Baidu’s advertisement model increased the ability to search the needs on the customers and show them the advertisement they need. Nevertheless the Paid for performance model helped in decreasing the advertising cost for the advertisers which helped in getting new and larger number of customers. Development strategy: Baidu’s development strategy was expending it’s market from domestic into International by introducing Baidu into the NASDAQ on August 2005 that is 5 years after the dot-com peak within which it has broken the record as the one of the biggest trade ever where it’s share saw tremendous increase from $27 to $122 representing 354% of its growth and that was a remarkable move which allowed Baidu to gain more revenue and made it valuable with $4 Billion company and customer recognition , boost users confidence, and attract more and more investors in the long term.Google’s Business Model While on the other Hand was based on their Tag li ne * We always distinguish ads from the search results or other content on a page we don’t sell placement in the search results themselves, or allow people to pay for a higher ranking there. * Development strategy Google has merely focused on few strategies in other to establish a well suited Business model for the Chinese internet market however the main sources of google’s revenue were advertising and Licensing after which they have designed Adwords for advertisers who want to reach qualified customers.Google thought diversification in product range will help them increase their market share so it stared introducing new services such as Gmail a combination of e-mail and instant messaging services, GTALK but no phone based where most people in china use mobile phone rather than PCs, Google news, Desktop search and other series of applications, all these were new online services that google launched as a way of expansion in the Chinese market.Still we can see that Goog le’s Business model couldn’t succeed in Chinese market as it has accepted the defeat by the domestic player Baidu by cooperation with Baidu’s biggest investor and invested $5million dollar for 4% of Baidu’s stock and tried to cooperate with Mr Li the CEO of Baidu who prefers Baidu’s independent growth. * Sales strategy: Google’s sales strategy in china was to club up with 3 local Chinese companies who will a medium to reach Google’s services to small medium enterprises while maintaining larger enterprises that have been reserved the right to direct sales.Question 2 How do you recommend Google to do in China? Compare Google position with the one of other companies in the internet-related industries. What can we learn from this comparison? a-) * First of all, Google should treat the Chinese market as a unique market with unique customer preferences and needs. Tailor made marketing strategies should be used to better fit the uniqueness of the market; therefore applying the same strategies used previously on other markets will not be effective in this case. Google should set up an independent unit in china that will operate independently from the international standard and procedure where all important decisions are made by Chinese managers and employees that are part o f this culture and know better what is perceived as valuable to the Chinese people. Adding to this, Google page should be redesigned into a more simplistic form because as per the case, Chinese prefer to click and choose from a list rather than typing, doing this will prevent its direct competitor in the market â€Å"Baidu† from having a major customer advantage over Google.Google should invest in intensive research to better understand the Chinese culture and its uniqueness, more over to understand the reasons behind their failure and behind the success and dominancy of Baidu. Knowing those facts will help them to find better solutions for them to start gaining market share in China. * Google should lose a bit of its pride and start investing more in advertising to increase the brand awareness so that the people will be more exposed to the brand which will makes it more familiar to them (As Baidu did with KFC) Google should definitely understand deeply the governmental rules and regulations before taking any step in the Chinese market so that they make sure that their strategy is 100% aligned with the government rules in order to avoid being punished with bad connection or limited information which will lead customers loss while switch directly to another competing search engine (People that are searching on the web will not stop their research aiting for Google to be reactivated again, they will choose from other alternatives, therefore they will switch to one of Googles competitors). * Google strategy should be based on research and should be tested be fore applying it in the market, because once in the market it is less likely to change it again, as for example for the name and web address of google which were changed several times, this inconsistency will lead to bad customer perception vis a vis the brand as they will feel that something is going wrong, this why the company is always changing things. Google should get involved in corporate social activities in order to show good intentions toward the country as this will help them gain positive image from the locals and they will start to perceive it more as part of the culture and not as an outsider who’s trying to invade their markets. b-) After doing the comparison between Baidu and Google in the Chinese market and knowing that Baidu is the dominant one, followed by Google and Yahoo is the 3rd player with a market share much lower than its competitors which pushes him out of the dominancy completion.In order to better understand the facts behind Baidu’s domin ancy, we thought that comparing Google to Yendex (A Russian search engine and market leadert in Russia), will help us see the similarities in both cases (China and Russia) therefore we will be able to have a better understanding of the situation and of what is playing against Google in the countries with high level of pride and attachment to local products. elow is a study comparing Google and Yendex in the Russian market: The estimated Global market share of Google is the highest with 86% of market share, but looking in a micro sens, Google, have been facing regional competitors apart from Baidu in china such as Soshu, ZhongSou, and Yandex in Russia. * A good example will be Yandex an internet technologies company that operates in Russia and Turkey. It is the largest Russian and fifth-largest world internet search engine. As of December 2011, this company had 59. 6% of the Russian search market and their ‘’mission is to give the answer to the user anytime and anywhere.Company, similar to Google provides its services for desktop and mobile users and develops embedded solutions as well’’. The company specializes on highly-targeted sophisticated web search and information retrieval services. Yandex provides localized services for its users, as well as enables them to search for websites in other languagesOther tan that they provide many free online services, granting access to extensive local, national and international information. The services include maps; traffic jams information; photo hosting; news service; blog search; spam-free email and so on * Yandex a well advanced technology after Google , got their stock risen as much as 68 % since it was listed on Nasdaq in 2011. According to financial times, Yandex has earnings multiple of about 85 times net income, higher that Google`s, at 19 times earnings, and almost matching that of Baidu, China’s top search site, at 87 times earnings. According to Nasdaq, Yandex generated 64 per cent of Russian national search traffic. In other to understand a more recent market one need to rewind as on why Yandex made its way to the top in Russia in the first place. One of the main reasons is Yandex’s focus on the Russian language. Western search engines and algorithms are generally built from English language structures which are then adapted. This was not the same as Yandex which is descended from a Russian-language indexing project built developed w ithin a company called CompTek the success of the project led to the formation of the search engine. Russian is a slavic language which has a particular shape and structure which makes it very different than English — it is definitely not the alphabet itself which causes the issues. Russian verbs also come in pairs and the regularly used ones often don’t even look very much alike — so a search engine would need to understand that â€Å"I buy† could be interpreted with different verbs and the meaning behind the phrases would be different but potentially still relevant to the searcher. In the early days, Google did not do a good job of handling these language differences whilst Yandex did leading it to grab the preeminent position.